Descriptive Essay Elle - 763 Words

â€Å"Elle! Elle!† I yell as I sprint down the sidewalk of our neighborhood. My long dark brown hair flowing behind me. â€Å"They are adding a track team to our school and the tryouts are next Monday!†I tell her once I finally catch up. I have wanted to be on a track team for as long as I can remember. â€Å"Annie, that’s awesome!† she exclaims. â€Å"The thing is, I don’t think I can make the team,† I mutter, â€Å"I love to run, but I’ve only ever done it for fun.† â€Å"That’s why you have me. Even though I am a dancer, I can still help you train!† Elle exclaims. â€Å"I don’t know about this,† I replied nervously. â€Å"Don’t worry,† Elle says as she looks into my dark green eyes. The very next day we meet on the track to begin training. The track is empty and quiet not†¦show more content†¦All of us were going to run a mile and a 50 yard dash. They called us up seven at a time, and after about an hour of waiting they call my number. I nervously walk up to the start and stand on number 5. Shaking head to toe I get into the starting position. I feel like a racehorse about to come out of the starting gate. I look to my left and up in the bleachers I see Elle give me a smile and a big thumbs up. Then I hear the coach blow their whistle and we are off. I start to run my legs take over my body and all my nervousness comes rushing out of me. Minutes turn to seconds as I finish my first lap. Then second, third! Passing girls one by one. Finally, the finish line. â€Å"Woah! We got a trailblazer on our hands!† the girls holding the red timer exclaims. I return to where the rest of the girls are and see Elle running towards me. I’m breathing heavy, but I feel good. â€Å"That was amazing!† she yells her hazel eyes growing wide. â€Å"Thanks! I can’t believe I worked myself up for a week over that.† We both laugh. Then they called my number for the 50 yard dash. I walk over to the track as a different person, no longer nervous or afraid of messing up. I run to the group of girls already standing there with confidence and ease. The coach blows a familiar whistle and we are off. I’m passing girls one by one and I come second. â€Å"Your a whole new runner,† Elle tells me as I walk back towards her. I smiled back at her.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Advertisement For Rimmel London For The New Provocalips Campaign Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagespublished in the March 2015 edition of Elle magazine. This essay will be analyzing the connotation and denotations found in the advert, the iconic and indexical signs as well as the implied narrative and the effectiveness in conveying the intended message of the advert. The advert can be seen in many other media forums, as well as on the Rimmel London website. It is common to find a beauty campaign such as this one in well-known fashion magazines like the Elle magazine because it generally promotesRead MoreShort Story A Conversation with My Father2869 Words   |  12 Pagesclass will be conducted. 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Neorealism vs. Neoliberalism Free Essays

Mayixuan Li Ms. Reilly International Relations: Conflict and Cooperation in Global Politics October 22 2012 Neorealism, a concept of international relations that emerged in 1979 by Kenneth Waltz, is a theory which forces on demonstrating how the world works instead what the world ought to be. Neorealism thinkers claim that international structure is established by its ordering principle, which is anarchy, and by the distribution of power, measured by a number of great powers, which have the largest impact on what happens in world politics. We will write a custom essay sample on Neorealism vs. Neoliberalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since there is no central agency that plays a role as â€Å"night watchman† (Mearsheimer, 2001, p. 5) to guarantee the security of states, the anarchic international system pushes great powers to maximize their relative powers in order to attain the minimum goal of their own survival. The trepidation of security is primary factor influencing great powers’ behavior, and in turn makes great powers quickly recognize that the best way to survive without protection is to perpetually expand actual military capability until reach the ultimate aim – hegemony. Great powers can never be certain about other states’ intentions, which makes them fear each other, and view each other as potential enemies who always have the capability and motive to attack them. To guarantee their own survival, great powers adopt the logic of self – help acting according to their self – interest, and always look for opportunities to alter the balance of power by acquiring additional power for themselves and by thwarting their rivals to increase powers. The self – help system gives rise of security dilemma that reflects basic logic of offensive realism. No matter a states becomes strong or weak, both strength and weakness in national security can be provocative to other great powers. Mearsheimer states: â€Å" The essence of the dilemma is that the measures a state takes to increase its own security usually decrease the security of other states. † (Mearsheimer, 2001, p. 13) Neorealism offers a considerably broader definition of power, and view power as two types: actual power and latent power. Waltz states that power includes the following components: â€Å" size of population and territory, resource endowment, economic capability, military strength, political stability and ompetence. † (Waltz, 1979, p. 131) Actual power mainly points out military capability, such as army, air and naval forces, which directly gives great powers the wherewithal to hurt and possibly destroy each other. Latent power comprises size of population and territory, national wealth, and political stability. Rational great powers do not contend w ith current distribution of power, and always care about relative power rather than absolute power. They not only look for opportunities to take advantages of one another, but also work to ensure that other states do not take advantage of them. Before great powers take offensive actions, they consider carefully about the balance of power, about the costs and risks, and about both how much power they could increase and how much power their rivals could obtain. Nevertheless, great powers can never be sure how much power is enough to secure their survival in the ruthless international system. They not only strive to be the strongest, but also to be the only power – hegemony in the world. Mearsheimer defines:â€Å" A hegemon is a state that is so powerful that it dominates all the other states in the system. † (Mearsheimer, 2001, p. 0) In international relation history, no state has ever achieved global hegemony because of the stopping power of water. The best condition great power could obtain is to become regional hegemony, which dominates distinct geographical areas. Once a great power becomes regional hegemony, it does not want any peers to contend with it. Moreover, neorealism considers three possible systems – unipolar system, bipolar system, and multipolar system. Among all three systems, multipolar system is the most dangerous system, and is more war – prone than is bipolar system. Neorealism occasionally advocates fostering human rights. Great powers might pursue non-security goals as long as the requisite behavior does not violate the paramount goal – pursuit of relative power. Indeed, these non – security goals sometimes complements relative powers, such as economic capability or national wealth is the foundation and resource of military power. Furthermore, great powers seek to prevent war and keep peace, however, they are not driven by a will to build an independent world, but largely by narrow calculations about relative power. Cooperation among nations is difficult to achieve and always difficult to sustain since great powers always consider relative gains by themselves comparing to relative gains by another great power. Neorealism certainly asserts no amount of cooperation can eliminate the dominating logic of security competition. Neorealism locates causation in the anarchic international system, which forces great powers to act aggressively toward each other in the survive competition. Great powers compete to maximize their relative power not because they have a will to fight with each other but because this is the only optimal way to ensure their survival in the dangerous world. Neorealism concludes that the view of long lasting peace is not likely to be achieved by great power become global hegemony, so the world is condemned to perpetual great power competition. There are three great debates referring to a series of disagreements between international relations scholars. The second great debate was a dispute between neorealism and neoliberalism. Neoliberalism, a response to neorealism, views international system more optimistically, and argues the fact that the world has become more interdependent in economics and in communications as well as in human aspirations. Neoliberals agree with neorealism that the anarchic nature of international system is an inevitable circumstance that states have to confront. Nevertheless, there is a general tendency of interdependence among actors across national boundaries to cooperate with each other in modern international system, which gives rise of the idea of complex interdependence. While neorealism views that cooperation between states can rarely happen, neoliberalism holds a greater belief in cooperation according to the prisoner’s dilemma. A tale of two prisoners who are questioned after committing an alleged crime. Neither prisoner knows that is being said by the other, but if they both cooperate and confess to the crime, their time in prison will be shortened, where if neither confesses the sentence length will be even shorter. However, if one confesses and the other does not, then the one who confessed will be set free and the one who did not will receive a lengthy jail term (Mingst 2004, p. 63). Neoliberalists use this to explain why states could wish to cooperate with each other, and even in an anarchic system of autonomous rational states, cooperation can still emerge through the building of norms, regimes and institutions. The importance of such cooperation is that actors have to play the game in an indefinite number of interactions, which abundantly conforms to the real international system. Moreover, neoliberalism recognizes not only sovereign states as important and rational actors, but also other actors are both principal and logical. Neoliberals always focus on absolute gains instead relative gains in such cooperation relationship. Multiple channels, summarized as interstate, trans – governmental, and transnational relation, provides more freedom to connect societies by both informal ties between nongovernmental elites and formal ties between governmental foreign offices. Through these channels political change occurs, in turns, states become more interdependent. Since there are various cooperative issues in different areas among states, trans – governmental politics will make goals of states difficult to define. Neoliberalism also acknowledges more contributions made by international organizations, which helped to activate potential coalitions and strive to obtain opinion by every state. Furthermore, all non – security issues can no longer be subordinated to military security, which gives opportunities to a multitude of different agendas coming to the forefront. The line between domestic and foreign policy becomes blurred, and there is no hierarchy among issues. Military capability does not dominate the agenda anymore, and gradually becomes a less effective instrument to achieve other objectives such as economic and social goals. Nevertheless, the existence of mutual dependence does postulate another type of power. Sensitivity and vulnerability are two essential dimensions of states. When a costly imposed situation from outside happens, the amount of sensitivity shows how quickly this imposed situation could affect one country from various aspects, and the vulnerability can be defined as an actor’s liability to suffer costs imposed by external events even after politics have been altered. Vulnerability is particularly important of interdependence structure. Even in the world of interdependence, there is no evenly balanced mutual dependence. Neoliberalism asserts two types of dependence, asymmetries in dependence, and symmetries in dependence, the latter hardly emerge. States can be less dependent or more dependent because of their level of sensibility and vulnerability. Less dependent actors can often use the interdependent relationship as a source of power in bargaining over an issue and perhaps to affect other issue. Power not only can be thought of as military capability, but also can be viewed as the ability of an actor to get others to do something they otherwise would not do. Neoliberalism claims that states act according to their self – interest to cooperate with each other, and to make the world more interdependence through different gendas. The use of military force is not exercised when complex interdependence prevails, so therefore the world could become more peaceful and prosperous. Bibliography Mearsheimer, John. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. United States: 2011. Waltz, K. Theory of International Politics. United States: McGraw-Hill: 1979. Mingst, K. A. Essentials of International Relations. New York: W. W. Norton: 2004. Axelrod, Robert. The Evolution of Cooperation. United States. Keohane, Robert O. Power and Interdependence. United States: 2000. How to cite Neorealism vs. Neoliberalism, Essay examples

Corporate Government and Ethics Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Government and Ethics Behavior. Answer: Introduction: Fair trade has emerged as a movement for supporting ethical behavior in consumer decision making. The gradual expansion of the fair trade markets has created substantial pitfalls for the business community in terms of realizing the ethical practices. The proliferation of demand for fair trade concept could be validated by the different factors such as the preference of companies to commit to a specific cause for a substantial period of time and acquiring a better image through attempts for contribution to the society. The larger part of fair trade agreements were therefore dependent on cause-based marketing which indicated references to the social responsibilities of organizations (Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz, 2014). The use of fair-trade movement has been established as a commercial brand and is associated with the image which reflects that fair-trade consumers are liable to provide underlying contributions such as financial aid to poor farmers in the developing nations and providi ng a fair price to the producers. Basically, Fairtrade provides certification for products acquired from foreign sources such as coffee, bananas, gold and cotton and especially those which are associated with a particular cause (Matten, 2015). This example can be perceived in the case of African cotton which is helpful for obtaining financial assistance for the underpaid native cotton farmers. The contributions of fair-trade are noticed in the rescue of the farmers from the clutches of poverty. However debates pertaining to ethical consumerism have indicated that if the objective of Fairtrade is to provide assistance to the producer community then the premium for the producers must be increased by paying a fair price to the producers. Therefore, the ethical issues associated with fair-trade are found out to be largely associated with the concerns of consumers towards environmental and social causes and the increasing demand of modern concepts such as collaborative consumption (Nica, 2013). The profound ethical issues associated with fair-trade could be categorized into two sections which are unfair trading and the impact of diverting financial as well as physical resources from less developed nations to relatively affluent nations. The consideration of the ethical issues has also been referred in multiple contexts in various research works. For example, the ethical consideration pertaining to the additional money paid by customers for fair-trade products is indicative of the suggestion that whether the provision of additional price being acquired by fair-trade is viable. Furthermore, the probabilities of the additional money being used by fair-trade for the benefit of producers also comes under question as it attempts to realize another profound aspect of ethical behavior in the practices of fair-trade. The unfair trading component also needs to be reviewed in context of the dilemma pertaining to ethical concerns of business organizations and the use of fair-t rade practices (Weber Wasieleski, 2013). The ethical issues pertaining to the implementation of fair-trade on a global platform have been discussed in the following sections of the report along with clear indications to the recommendations which have been derived for catering the various requirements of the society as well as the industry standards. Activities of fair trade: The concept of Fairtrade has been favored by varying echelons of the society and it has the support of people from all facets of society ranging from the grassroots till bureaucratic levels. The validation of the brand of fair-trade on a global level has been considered from distinct facets of business environment which indicate contributions in the form of financial resources, time and provision of flexible opportunities for trading. Many private firms, individuals and government agencies are gradually becoming interested in the concept of fair-trade and hence the demand for the concept can be appropriately understood (Clarke Bassell, 2013). The owners of the Fairtrade Foundation permit companies in affluent nations to utilize the brand name of the organization alongside their own brands in return for a certain amount of fee. Generally, the organization gathers maximum share of its revenue from this type of fee and the other aids are obtained from government donations and grants. F air-trade is supposed to divert the additional license income acquired from brands to the producers in developing nations. However, the license income is largely utilized for promotion of the brand which could create substantial issues related to the ethical concerns of Fairtrade (Idowu, Capaldi Zu, 2013). Derivation of higher margins and substantiating the image of retailers as supportive of global concerns could be assumed as profound elements included in the emphasis of the practices in fair-trade on organization and industry oriented benefits rather than realizing any promising outcomes for farmers and suppliers (Gao Hafsi, 2015). The various routes through which money has to pass through in order to reach the final objective of benefiting farmers has been observed in fair-trade as the added costs of cooperatives, expenses on social projects and premiums for fair-trade producers and farmers. Therefore the necessity of apprehending ethical criteria for the activities of fair-tra de has been established in context of organizations adopting association with fair-trade certification and the prospects for fair-trade to excel in future market environments (Knudsen, Moon Slager, 2015). Ethical criteria have to be fulfilled in case of fair-trade because the key objective of the fair-trade concept is centered on the objective of providing a substantial advantage to producers in developing nations and increasing the market value propositions for products of native origin. Ethical criteria for Fair trade: It would be appropriate to consider that Fair trade is a concept which is meant for the ethical well being of customers, industry, groups, individuals and organizations on a larger basis. The foundation for the fair-trade mode of certification of products and the increasing perception of business organizations towards the fair trade practice has created questions which pertain to the development of better returns for producers and thereby widening the scope for prospects of sustainability in complex changing environments. The study of distribution of the wealth among the producer communities belonging to the third world as per the fair trade practices would indicate a brief overview of the ethical criteria which are mandatory for the organizations adopting fair-trade practices (Swanson Frederick, 2016). Fair-trade certification is a compulsory requirement for suppliers of fair-trade certified products and they are generally members of cooperative agencies or plantation firms in many cases. The different entities of the local producers have to comply with certain political requisites such as the involvement of farmers, assembly and processing opportunities facilitated by primary cooperatives and the secondary agencies which have the authorization to export on behalf of the producers. The exporting cooperatives are liable to obtain an additional amount of money which is termed as social premium and these cooperatives provide the incentive to farmers. While some cooperatives tend to provide favorable incentives to farmers, some others could rely on malicious activities and thereby limit the financial returns for farmers (Soltani Maupetit, 2015). Therefore, the evaluation of ethical criteria with respect to the fair-trade practices has to be presented in context of the interplay between consumer, cooperatives, importers, retailers, cafes and packers. The fair-trade foundation has expanded its support and therefore the ethical issues have to be addressed first wit h reference to increase in probabilities of destitution and death in event of diversion of resources and finances from poorer nations to more developed nations. The ethical concerns associated with fair-trade are derived from a utilitarian approach which applies resources which are capable of rendering maximum marginal utility. In case of the benefits of fair-trade to farmers, the ethical implication points out to the point of reference which determines the influence of loss of a particular amount of money to different individuals (Ntim Soobaroyen, 2013). For example, the loss of five dollars would be inconsequential in a supermarket store while the same amount could be a relief for an individual looking to save his family from starvation. Secondly, the scope for unfair trading can also be considered as a prominent indication in the domain of corporate ethics. Unfair trading is realized when the producers or the marketers do not provide genuine information to customers and hence is sues related to wrong customer decisions could lead to maligning of the image of the organization. Therefore unfair trading is accountable for changes in perception of customers about a product as well as organization. In case of fair-trade products, the organizations should not suppress evidence related to financial aid provided to the farmers and the ambiguities pertaining to the expenditure of the additional cost paid by customers (Doh, Husted Yang, 2013). Customers are more likely to lose trust in the fair-trade movement if they discover that the additional amount paid by them is not being used for the intended purposes and if they find any hints that they are not being informed of the evidence related to use of the additional income gathered from fair-trade initiatives (Subramaniam, Kansal Babu, 2015). Violation of ethics: The first concern is addressed by evaluating the amount which is provided to the exporting cooperative. Fair-trade does not have any profound legislation for determining the prices charged by exporters and cooperatives. Fair-trade does not have any monitoring or control framework for determining the extra cost charged for fair-trade products. It has been observed that retailers do not offer any reasonable opportunity to compare costs of fair-trade products and hence this can be accounted as an unethical behavior on behalf of retailers (Long, 2016). Therefore the extra price paid by customers is generally deviated towards the higher profits for organizations which are obtaining profits already and hence the scope of death and destitution aspect of ethical violation can be considered in case of fair-trade products. Fair-trade has established certain indications for importers to pay premium price, establish contracts on a long-term basis, provision of credit for prefinance and payment o f minimum price established by Fairtrade. Methods to address ethical issues: Majority of pitfalls in the ethical context of fair-trade certification have been associated with the inability of fair-trade foundation to ensure standard monitoring and control frameworks which can ensure that the additional price of fair-trade products is delivered to the farmers and suppliers for whom the amount is intended. The dependency of fair-trade product sales on the value based marketing of the products is indicative of the requirement of drastic measures to address the ethical issues (Hasnas, 2013). First of all, fair-trade has to reform the strategic implementation of costs in the company as the additional price obtained from customers is invested in administration costs, costs of collection and higher profits in affluent nations. The emphasis of the foundation must be shifted towards one-time investments in profound standards for classification of criteria for pricing fair-trade products which could provide a viable approach to distribution of profits to farmers. Since the profits are not being appropriately administered to the farmers, unconventional methods such as guidelines for publishing account details in public could be a reasonable approach for identifying the observation of ethical standards by fair-trade certified brands (Chen et al, 2016). The initiatives for identifying the ethical pitfalls in terms of customer perception regarding the cause related increase in prices have to be executed in unison with development of remedial measures to resolve ethical issues observed in case of fair-trade. The report emphasized on two prominent indicators of ethical violations in case of fair-trade. The movement is centered on the proliferation of ethical activities among organizations and hence the influence of ethical compliance in the domain of fair-trade certified products is imperatively observed. Considerable research in the domain of fair-trade has facilitated diverse implications towards the intensity of impact of ethical violation and hence future measures for tackling any ethical pitfalls should be inferred from existing sources of literature. Fairtrade has emerged as a promising contributor to the domain of business development as it has integrated the concept of ethics in business. The use of fair-trade has enabled a wider perception of the ethical implications associated with customers, farmers, suppliers, producers and other contributors in the supply chain. Customers have started to appreciate products which can provide a support for the global environmental concerns and could account for a viable contribution to the society (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). The use of fair-trade for certification and change in pricing of products could be considered as a turnaround in case of business. However the prospects of money laundering can be noticed in case of the fair-trade model as it could not be able to monitor the distribution of wealth. The following report classifies various setbacks observed in case of fair-trade practices followed by consenting organizations and the ethical consequences of the activities. Longevity of the fair-trade model: Majority of the criticism which has been drawn against fair-trade have been based on the sustainability of fair trade practices and the authenticity of the objectives of fair-trade certification. While the initial objective of fair-trade was to provide an ethical environment for business by acquisition of products from developing countries generally plagued by some kind of issues and thus the ethical purpose can be realized by a form of business transaction with the producers in the developing countries and thus providing them with a formidable platform for expanding their economic prospects (Cooper Morgan, 2013). The consideration of individual factors which influence the sustainability of ethical practices in the fair-trade practices could enable a clear apprehension of the broad ethical issues also and thus derive a reasonable opinion on measures to address the issues. The derivation of ethical issues bothering fair-trade products has to be validated through references to the gen eric perception of values and ethics in the industrial context. Various organizations have adopted the model of fair-trade since it offers a reasonable platform for realizing a brand image as an organization which provides profound contributions to the producer communities and is also supportive of initiatives to benefit environmental causes. These claims or strategic modifications are introduced as a measure to acquire customer attention or to realize the wider aspects of sustainable practices. However, the effectiveness of these measures has to be evaluated from a critical perspective since their implementation has to deliver outcomes according to the standards of fair-trade and the desired strategic objectives (Schmitz Schrader, 2015). This would help in deriving a functional reference to the causes which could degrade the perception of fair-trade products and the overall brand image of the foundation. The model of the organization is based on a model for certification which ind icates that products certified by the model would be liable for compliance from the suppliers, exporters and producers as well. Customers can gain a prolific impression of the different products since they could associate the value of providing additional prices to fulfill the requirements of destitute individuals in developing countries (Habakus Holland, 2013). Therefore a comprehensive evaluation of criticisms in the domain of fair-trade movement has to be presented in order to understand the larger ethical issues which can be inferred from the criticisms. Negligence for value and cause: The basis driver behind the fair-trade movement is the emphasis on value based marketing or cause based marketing. The initiative can be perceived by enthusiasts as a profound contributor to the domain of economic stability of developing and underdeveloped nations which are capable of producing natural resources such as bananas, coffee, gold etc. The fair-trade model assumes certification of suppliers, producers and products which could be nominally priced at a higher margin in lieu of additional benefits for underprivileged farmers and supply chain constituents. This belief is the reason for which majority of sales are derived in case of fair-trade products and hence the criticism for fair-trade can be presented in the form of minimal requirement of standards and controls to determine the distribution of benefits to needy individuals i.e. suppliers, farmers and other contributors (Kelly White, 2015). Organizations which are opting for fair-trade certification are leveraging the bra nd image of fair-trade to garner additional marketing advantage for their products. Other profound indications which can be noticed in case of fair-trade criticism include the suppression of relevant information and depiction of lies as the acceptable truth. These activities can be considered as mutually interdependent as one is indicative of the other i.e. suppression of facts amounts to a lie and lies related to product and pricing information result in negligence for relevant facts such as portion of additional price delivered to farmers. While fair-trade could realize such setbacks in case of many instances, the foremost violation is observed in the use of license income and government aids for administrative costs and other purposes (Sahut et al, 2014). Therefore, organizations which adopt fair-trade practices must apprehend the factors that the provision of leakage of confidential information pertaining to the distribution of additional profits in the higher profit margins in organizations of developing countries could lead to deterioration brand image for organization. The profound implications for criticism of fair-trade movement in this context can be described as the inability of fair-trade to inculcate apt standards and regulations for enhancing the flexibility of allocating the additional financial resources to appropriate entities for which they are intended. Limitation on customer information: Ethical violations draw a major share of criticism in context of fair-trade and their classification could be validated by the individual perception reference followed in countries. The critical reflection could enable a profound influence on the realization of possible strategies to limit the ethical issues which are responsible for degrading the image of fair-trade foundation. The objectives of fair-trade foundation are further inflicted with the integration of unfair trading which is observed in the various disparities depicted in context of the regulatory frameworks. Differences in the approach for realizing fair-trade practices could be realized in the lack of a standard monitoring system for including a fair price for customers as well as producers. Hence the criticism in this case can be directed towards the role of fair-trade foundation in creating pricing standards which is not existent presently. Even if fair-trade foundation accounts for benefits to the financial, environm ental and social aspects of a business environment, the application of the practices accounts for limited benefits such as limitations on the profits acquired by farmers. Other prominent references account the lack of a specific route for directing the additional prices towards the benefit of supply chain attributes rather than on the internal costs of the foundation (Kelly White, 2015). The sustainability of the fair-trade phenomenon has been favored by enthusiasts on the basis of contribution to the social benefits. However, the long term feasibility of the practices is based on the apprehension of the factors in real time environments and the social as well as environmental changes which are derived with respect to ethical issues. Ethical setbacks account for major share of criticism and it can be observed that the gradual rise in support for fair-trade practices has to be reformed with integration of reliable facets such as consistent monitoring of accounts, transparency of doc uments and distribution of income to concerned stakeholders. The fair-trade model has created prominent implications which are related to the validation of brands on a global level on the basis of their association with a specific cause beneficial for the society. Hence the criticism for fair-trade can be aptly directed towards the quantification of benefits generated from the fair trade certified products. Fair-trade certified products are also accountable for quality and long term negligence for producers could result in degradation of product quality and hence the commercial brand could face risks of failure. Pricing of the fair-trade products also deserve a linear discussion with the product quality as unique elements of marketing mix and thus complying with the inherent requirements of business (Schmitz Schrader, 2015). The gradual increment in support for fair-trade practices could be evaluated on a critical frame of reference in order to validate the reasons for which enthus iasm for fair-trade practices has been increasing. While the contribution of fair trade practices to social and financial benefits have been argued upon by enthusiasts, the criticism states ambiguity in terms of contributions. The previous section of the report has presented insights to the existence of flawed infrastructure in fair-trade to distribute the additional returns among the various stakeholders and supply chain members. The gradually mounting pressure on the global supply chains has also emerged as a potential criticism of the fair-trade movement. Global supply chains have been neglected which failed to conform to the guidelines of fair-trade. The supply chain members who were not associated with the fair-trade fiasco were liable to be exposed to the detrimental effects in terms of limited preference from fair-trade associated customers. Furthermore, it accounted for unrequited maligning of the reputation of non-fair-trade products which were predicted as detrimental elem ents for the environment and were negatively depicted as irresponsible towards social contributions. This could lead to an unwarranted decrease in the popularity of organizations which do not assume sales of fair-trade products. Therefore, it does not necessarily indicate that organizations and retailers which sell non fair-trade products are not capable of providing value to customers as well as the environment and society. Use of third party charity agencies: Ethical standards in case of fair-trade products have to be maintained with respect to the use of fair trading methods. The majority of additional income in case of fair trade organizations is being utilized for interest benefits rather than community benefits. Hence, the requirement of criticism is validated as suppliers and producers face major losses owing to the lack of efficiency in delivery of premium to the farmers as per the claims made for increasing the prices. The justification of validating the fair-trade certification and the provision of value based benefits for customers can be considered only from an intangible perspective. On the contrary, the fair-trade practices could be replaced with the initiatives of third party charity agencies and non-governmental organizations which could provide the additional amount to farmers in appropriate measures. Contracting the job of allocating the financial resources among the farmers or the producer community to a NGO or a charitab le institution has to be dependent on the performance of the agency and the scope for transparency (Cooper Morgan, 2013). However, the distribution of additional profits would not be sufficient to realize the maximum potential of the value based marketing which can facilitate returns favored by the organization. Customers should not be subjected to unfair trading practices and the criticism associated with fair-trade activities refers to the use of measures such as non-disclosure of information and the requirement of unrecognizable strategies to identify the provisions of remunerations added for each stage of the supply chain of fair-trade products. On one hand, the implications of fair-trade indicate communication of all details related to the product and the way in which the organization utilizes the additional price of fair-trade products to benefit the producer community. Such types of initiatives are generally responsible for creation of ambiguities in mind of customers as the y would not be able to identify the exact application of their additional investment in the intended purpose. Possible recommendations for improvising such scenarios could be presented in accordance with the changes in communication of the profit statements. Fair-trade organizations should utilize flexible reporting formats for conveying the information related to the use of license income and additional money gathered from government aids and other external agencies through fair-trade regulations (Cooper Morgan, 2013). Appropriate communication of data related to the ways in which organizations use the money acquired in the name of fair trade for the benefits of producer community and other underprivileged individuals in the supply chain. Conclusion: The report conclusively identifies criticisms of the fair-trade phenomenon and has reflected on the pitfalls encountered by the activities especially in context of financial and social influence. 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